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If the aneurysm is small and there are no symptoms (for example, if the aneurysm is found during a routine physical examination), periodic evaluation, usually with annual ultrasound examination, to watch for changes may be recommended.

Symptomatic aneurysms require surgical treatment to prevent complications. Anti-hypertensive medications may be prescribed preoperatively to reduce blood pressure. Other medications may include analgesics to relieve pain.

Surgical repair or replacement of the section of aorta is recommended for patients with symptoms, as they are at high risk of fatal rupture. Repair is also recommended for patients with aneurysms greater than 5 cm in diameter. The goal of treatment is timely surgical intervention before complications develop.

The risk of complications increases as the size of the aneurysm increases. Because surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm is risky, the surgeon may wait for the aneurysm to expand to a certain size (usually >5 cm) before operating (that is, when the risk of complications exceeds the risk of surgery).

Prognosis

The outcome is usually good when an aneurysm is monitored carefully and if surgical repair is performed before the aorta ruptures. Aortic rupture is life threatening. Less than 50% of all people with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm survive.

Complications

Aortic rupture
Bleeding from the aorta
Hypovolemic shock
Arterial embolism
Insufficient circulation past the aneurysm
Irreversible damage to the kidneys (kidney failure)
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Aortic dissection

Call Your Health Care Provider If:

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop severe abdominal pain or other symptoms that are suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

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