• insect-borne diseases: insect-borne diseases in this area are uncommon but these may be encountered: leishmaniasis, malaria, relapsing fever, Rifte Valley fever typhus, sandfly fever, West Nile fever
• water and food-borne diseases: dysentery (many organisms), cholera, Hepatitis A, typhoid fever, giardiasis, brucellosis, echinococcoisis, intestinal worms (helminthic infections), polio
• rabies

Nile delta

• filariasis, schistosomiasis

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

• plague

Sub-Saharan Africa
General area

• insect-borne diseases: insect-borne diseases in this area are very common: malaria, filariasis, onchocerciasis (river blindness), cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), relapsing fever, typhus, plague, yellow fever, hemorrhagic fevers (such as Dengue hemorrhagic fever, etc.).
• water- and food-borne diseases: intestinal worms (helminthic infection), dysentery, Giardiasis, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, cholera, dracunculiasis, echinococcosis, poliomyelitis
• other: Hepatitis B, trachoma, Lassa fever, Ebola fever, Margburg fever, meningococcal meningitis

Southern Africa
General area

• insect-borne diseases: malaria, plague, relapsing fever, Rift Balley fever, tick-bite fever, typhus
• water- and food-borne diseases: amebiasis, typhoid fever
• other: Hepatitis B, rabies

Botswana, Namibia

• sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), schistosomiasis

South Africa, Swaziland

• schistosomiasis

THE AMERICAS
North America
General area

• insect-borne: Lyme disease, and rare cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia
• water- and food-borne diseases: rare outbreaks of cryptosporidium, rare giardiasis
• other: extremely rare case of rabies

Central America
General area

• insect-borne diseases: malaria, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), dengue fever, Venezuelan equine encephalitis
• water- and food-borne diseases: amoebic dysentery, dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, hepatitis A, intestinal worms (helminthic infection)
• other: rabies

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico

• visceral leishmaniasis

Mexico, Guatemala

• onchocerciasis

Costa Rica

• filariasis

Caribbean Islands
General area:

• insect-borne diseases: see below
• water- and food-borne diseases: Hepatitis A, dysentery, amebic dysentery
• other: see below

Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama

• oriental lung fluke (paragonimiasis)

Dominican Republic

• malaria, schistosomiasis

Cuba

• liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

Haiti

• malaria, tularemia

Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia

• schistosomiasis

Tropical South America
General area:

• insect-borne diseases: malaria, American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, yellow fever, viral encephalitis, Dengue fever
• water- and food-borne diseases: amebiasis, dysentery, intestinal worms, helminthic infections, hepatitis A

Brazil Colombia, Venezuela

• visceral leishmaniasis

Brazil, Guyana, Suriname

• filariasis

Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru

• plague

Colombia, Peru

• typhus

Temperate South America
General area

• insect-borne diseases: American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
• water- and food-borne diseases: salmonellosis, tapeworm (taeniasis), typhoid fever, echinococcosis, hepatitis A
• anthrax

Argentina

• malaria, cutaneous leishmaniasis, cholera, hepatitis A, rabies

Chile

• cholera

ASIA
East Asia
General area

• insect-borne diseases: see below
• water- and food-borne diseases: hepatitis A, diarrheal diseases, oriental liver fluke (clonorchiasis), oriental lung fluke (paragonimiasis)
• other: hepatitis B
• rabies

China

• malaria, visceral leishmaniasis, plague, typhus, poliomyelitis, trachoma, leptospirosis

Mongolia

• Korean hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever

Japan, Republic of Korea

• scrub typhus

Eastern South Asia (Southeast Asia)
General area

• insect-borne diseases: malaria, filariasis, plague, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, typhus
• water- and food-borne diseases: cholera, dysentery, amebic dysentery, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, giant intestinal fluke (fasciolopsiasis), paragonimiasis, melioidosis
• other: hepatitis B, schistosomiasis, poliomyelitis
• rabies

Viet Nam

• plague, trachoma

Incochina, Myanmar, Thailand

• trachoma

Middle South Asia (Indian subcontinent)
General area

• insect-borne diseases: malaria, filariasis, sandfly fever, visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, relapsing fever, typhus, dengue fever, hemorrhagic fevers
• water- and food-borne diseases: cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, intestinal worms (helminthic infections), brucellosis, echinococcosis
• other: Hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, trachoma,
• rabies

Islamic Republic of Iran

• giardiasis

India, Nepal

• meningococcal meningitis

Western South Asia (The Middle East)
General area

• insect-borne diseases: cutaneous leishmaniasis, typhus, relapsing fever
• water- and food-borne diseases: typhoid fever, hepatitis A, tapeworm (taeniasis), brucellosis, echinococcosis
• other: hepatitis B, schistosomiasis

EUROPE
Northern Europe
General area

• insect-borne diseases: rare occurrences of tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
• water- and food-borne diseases: tapeworm, trichinellosis, fish tapeworm (diphyllobothriasis), liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), Hepatitis A
• other: rabies

Siberia

• typhus

Russian Federation, Ukraine

• diphtheria, poliomyelitis

Southern Europe
General area

• insect-borne diseases: murine and tick-borne typhus, West Nile fever, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease
• water- and food-borne diseases: dysentery, typhoid fever, brucellosis, echinococcosis, Hepatitis A
• other: Hepatitis B, rabies

Croatia, Yugoslavia

• poliomyelitis

OCEANIA
Australia, New Zealand, Antarctic
General area

• insect-borne diseases: mosquito-borne polyarthritis, viral encephalitis
• water- and food-borne diseases: amebic meningoencephalitis

Melanesia, Micronesia-Polynesia
General area

• insect-borne diseases: malaria, filariasis, typus, Dengue fever
• water- and food-borne diseases: dysentery, typhoid fever, intestinal worms (helminthic infections), Hepatitis A
• other: Hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, trachoma

MALARIA
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, affecting millions of people on every continent except Australia. Malaria is not a problem in cold climates, and is a lesser problem in temperate climates, but is a threat to those living or traveling in subtropical and tropical climates. The pictures at the end of the document list countries in which malaria can be a problem. Where possible the type of malaria and the at-risk season is listed. Some countries may have only small areas affected by malaria but are included in the list. This listing does not mean that all of the country has malaria. This list should better help travelers prepare for their journey. This information is provided by WHO, the World Health Organization. Resistance of the malaria organism changes rapidly and frequent updating on resistant strains, especially the falciparum, is necessary for safe travel. Travelers should call the CDC (Centers for Disease control and Prevention) for the most up-to-date information on travel and malaria. The numbers are:

(404) 332-4555
(404) 639-3311

The CDC Web site is also complete, up to date and convenient: www.cdc.gov

YELLOW FEVER
An effective vaccination exists for yellow fever, a mosquito-borne, frequently fatal viral infection that causes fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging. Travelers to areas endemic for yellow fever should be vaccinated a minimum of 10 days prior to entering a yellow fever zone. Certificates of immunization may be required for entrance into some countries.

SOUTH AMERICA
Bolivia
Brazil
Columbia
Ecuador
French Guyana
Guyana
Panama
Peru
Surinam
Venezuela

AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo
Cote d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Liberia
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Togo
Uganda
United Republic of Tanzania
Zaire
Zambia

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