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"Doctor" includes both physicians (MDs) and doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs). These professionals usually specialize in family practice or internal medicine. See MD profession, and doctor of osteopathy profession (DO).
Nurse Practitioner profession (NP) includes advanced practice nurses prepared for primary care role. The profession includes family (FNP), pediatric (PNP), adult (ANP), and geriatric (GNP) specialties.
The Physician Assistant profession (PA) is prepared in family practice model for primary care role.

Specialists who are frequently sought directly by women consumers for general primary care needs:

OB/GYN -- physician specializing in obstetrics and gynecology, including well women's health care.
CNM (certified nurse midwife) -- an advanced practice nurse specializing in women's health care needs throughout life, including prenatal, labor and delivery, and postpartum care of women through "normal" pregnancies.
NP -- some nurse practitioners (advanced practice nurses) prepared in programs specific to women's health care including common gynecological problems, routine GYN health maintenance and screenings (such as a pap smear), and family planning.

Areas of primary care where consumers often seek specialty care directly:

visual care -- ophthalmologist (MD) or optometrist.
mental health care -- psychiatrist (MD), psychologist, social worker (MSW), or psychiatric/mental health nurse specialist (MSN).

SPECIALTY (SUBSPECIALTY) CARE
Common specialty areas to which the consumer is typically referred by the primary care provider:

anesthesiology -- anesthesia, either general or spinal block for surgeries and some forms of pain control
cardiology -- heart disorders
dermatology -- skin disorders
endocrinology -- hormonal and metabolic disorders
gastroenterology -- digestive system disorders
general surgery -- common surgeries involving any part of the body
gynecology/obstetrics -- pregnancy, both normal or problematic, and women's reproductive tract disorders
immunology -- disorders of the immune system and allergies
infectious disease -- infections affecting the tissues of any body system
nephrology -- kidney disorders
neurology -- nervous system disorders
oncology -- cancer and some other malignant (growing worse - resisting treatment) diseases
ophthalmology -- eye disorders and surgery
orthopedics -- bone/connective tissue disorders
otorhinolaryngology -- ear, nose, throat (ENT) disorders
physical and rehabilitative medicine -- coordinate return to optimal functioning in individuals with musculoskeletal and neurological disorders (such as low back injury, spinal cord injuries, and stroke victims)
psychiatry -- emotional or mental disorders
pulmonary (lung) -- respiratory tract disorders
radiology -- evaluation of X-rays and related procedures (such as ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI)
urology -- male reproductive tract and both male and female urinary tract disorders