• first permanent teeth may begin to erupt although the majority of children do not get their first permanent teeth until age 6
• pulse and respiratory rate may decrease
• increased coordination
• skips, jumps, and skates with good balance
• able to maintain balance while standing on one foot with eyes closed
• able to tie own shoelaces
• increased skill with simple tools and writing utensils

Sensory and cognitive:

• vocabulary has increased to over 2100 words
• readily composes sentences of 6 to 8 words
• can compose sentences with all parts of speech
• able to identify the names of coins
• knows the names of the primary colors and may know the names of many more
• questions are less superficial, addressing meaning and purpose
• increasingly responsible
• decreased aggressiveness
• some fears from earlier childhood are disappearing
• able to accept the validity of others view and perspective, but may not understand it
• increased mathematical skill
• does not hesitate to question others, including parents
• there is a strong identification with the parent of the same sex

Play:

• encourage and provide the necessary space for physical activity
• instruct the child how to participate in and learn the rules of sporting activities
• the child should be encouraged to play with other children in the area to help develop their socialization skills
• encourage creative play
• read together
• monitor both the time and content of television viewing
• expose the child to different stimuli by visiting to local areas of interest

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