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This is a method of staining microorganisms (bacteria) using a special series of stains. In this test, a specimen of stool is stained and then examined under the microscope.

The Gram stain method can be applied to almost any clinical specimen and is one of the most commonly used techniques for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections.

How the Test is Performed

A small amount of stool is applied in a very thin layer to a microscope slide. This is called a smear. The specimen is stained with a series of stains, together called a Gram stain. It is first stained with crystal violet stain, then iodine, then decolorized, then stained with safranin.

The stained smear is then examined under the microscope for the presence of bacteria. The color, size, and morphologic appearance (shape) of the cells help make it possible to identify the infecting organism.

How to Prepare for the Test

Adults and children:
There are many ways to collect the samples. You can catch the stool on plastic wrap that is loosely placed over the toilet bowl and held in place by the toilet seat. Then, put the sample in a clean container. One test kit supplies a special toilet tissue that you use to collect the sample, then put the sample in a clean container.

Infants and young children:
For children wearing diapers, you can line the diaper with plastic wrap. If the plastic wrap is positioned properly, isolating the stool from any urine output, mixing of urine and stool can be prevented for a better sample.

How the Test will Feel

Some people feel discomfort or embarrassment with this test.

Why the Test is Performed

The test may be performed to try to diagnose an infection or illness, sometimes involving diarrhea.

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